
Tirzepatide is a synthetic dual incretin agonist targeting both GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) receptors, with a 39-amino acid sequence based on the native GIP structure. It modulates appetite signaling pathways, enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, slows gastric emptying, and engages central hunger pathways. Clinical research has demonstrated significantly greater percentage body weight reduction compared to semaglutide, with substantial effects on HbA1c in type 2 diabetes models. It represents a next-generation metabolic research compound exploring multi-pathway incretin biology, insulin sensitivity, and energy balance regulation in both preclinical and clinical settings.